The Principles And History Of Phrenology - 1055 Words

The Principles and History of Phrenology Emily Ryhal Palo Alto University Abstract Franz Joseph Gall created the main principles of phrenology, which was the first scientific theory of brain localization. His theories were based entirely on observation and natural philosophy. Phrenology was the study of associating an individual’s personality characteristics and mental abilities based on the shape of their skull. It was incomparably influential throughout the first half of the 19th century thanks to Gall and his many successors. Some of the main tenants of phrenology were later confirmed by scientific experiments and technology. The Principles and History of Phrenology Franz Joseph Gall created the first comprehensive theory of brain localization in 1796. Phrenology is a pseudoscientific theory that asserts an individual’s personality and mental capacities can be determined by the shape of their skull (Cooter, 1984). â€Å"Organology† was the original term that Gall used to describe his science; it was Gall’s follower, T.I.M Forster, who coined the term phrenology (Van Wyhe, 1999). Gall’s contemporary, Joseph Franz Spurzheim, was responsible for the dissemination of Gall’s ideas to the United Kingdom and the United States (Selby, 1993). Gall inspired many â€Å"egotistical† men to promulgate phrenology, and it â€Å"attracted such men because of its promise of superlative intellectual authority with minimal effort† (Van Wyhe, 1999). PhrenologyShow MoreRelatedBiological Determinism And Crime Of Criminology1595 Words   |  7 PagesBiological Determinism and Criminality Throughout the history of criminology, each theory dominates and gains support than others though different period of time. This essay will first discuss the argument for biological determinism which mainly focuses on phrenology. The idea of Darwinism also links to Lombroso’s idea that a person’s bad behavior can be predicted and should be eliminated will also be discussed. The second part of the essay will emphasis the classical theory and how in contrastsRead MorePsychology Is The Study Of Behavior And Mental Processes972 Words   |  4 Pagesif people study and understand psychology, people will show a great more deal of sympathy for others and the hard comings in their lives. Along with all the benefits of studying psychology, it also has a very interesting history with many significant figures throughout history. Psychology derives from Greek roots, meaning study of the psyche, or soul (Puskhe, â€Å"breathe, spirit, soul† and -logia â€Å"study of†). Philosophers were the first to think and unknowingly come up with the backdrop of psychologyRead MoreThe Age Of New Imperialism1944 Words   |  8 Pagesthe root. These pseudo-sciences were constructed to rationalize the imperialism during the 19th century. This paper will discuss some of the most influential sciences produced during the late 19th century, including social Darwinism, eugenics, and phrenology, that were used to justify British Imperialism and how they supported imperialism. White is the supreme race, non-White people are inferior, White people are the ones with all the achievements in the world – these ideologies and theories, thoughRead MoreLast Week, Pbs Broadcast â€Å"Birth Of A Movement,† A Film1435 Words   |  6 Pagesto give an address in Boston. The pivotal conflict of his career, however, was his attempt to prevent Griffith’s ode to the Ku Klux Klan from being shown in the city. â€Å"Birth of a Nation† was not simply the first blockbuster in American cinematic history; its racialist propaganda inspired a rebirth of the K.K.K., which had all but died out prior to the film’s release. It was screened in the White House, reportedly to accolades from Woodrow Wilson himself. Trotter found himself caught between the FirstRead MorePositivist Approach And Human Social Behavior1275 Words   |  6 Pagescriticism. Understanding the basic assumption and logic of the positivist paradigm is by knowing what it means. positivism means a perspective on knowledge and reality that assumes human behavior can be studies and explained by utilizing the same principles and practices used to study natural environment. â€Å"Other doctors at the time were using many strange methods to treat patients who were depressed or mentally ill† (Howard Fleming, 2007).Sociologist will use scientific methods to the study the humanRead MoreWhy Psychology Is Important For Mental Health Professionals2300 Words   |  10 PagesThe Importance Understanding the History of Psychology Psychology is an ever evolving field of study that is truly just in its infancy. Although tremendous strides have been made in our understanding of behavior, cognitions, emotions and brain functions, it has only been in the last 130 years that psychology has been studied as a science (Goodwin, 2015, p. 4). It is important for mental health professionals to understand the history and evolution of psychology because it is difficult, if not impossibleRead MoreScience Of Improving A Human Population3058 Words   |  13 Pagesreason.†- C.S. Lewis, Essays on Theology and Ethics. Eugenics is the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable hereditary characteristics. The eugenics movement was prominent in American history. It was backed by many influential members and organizations, ranging from the Carnegie Institute to John D. Rockefeller. It was studied in prominent institutions such as Harvard and Cornell, and it laid the groundwork for the Nazis and the Ku KluxRead MoreCompare Beccaria and Lombroso Essay2327 Words   |  10 Pagesrational rules. All social action should be directed by the aim of achieving happiness for the greater number, and the avoidance of unnecessary pain or suffering (Hale et al, 2009). These principles guided by Beccaria formed what is now referred to as Utilitarian thinking. Beccaria proposed a corpus of principles that authorities could follow and make their rule more rational and more effective. His system of legal reforms had clearly written laws, a restrained judici ary, with the abolishment ofRead MoreEssay about Rendezvous Disciplines2796 Words   |  12 Pageswith criminal activity. As provided by Heidensohn (1989) ‘Lombroso asserted that criminal women were amoral throwbacks, to whom prostitution was the equivalent of male crime’. Cited in Heidensohn (1989) Leonard (1982) is quoted: ‘Dismal, is the history of the sociological study of female crime’. Even though his work is still considered, Lombroso gathered some weighted dispute over the results he published. Examples of his un-reputable work, as distinguished by Williams are; ‘His willingnessRead MoreNot for Ourselves Alone Essay2590 Words   |  11 Pagesbeing accomplished, marital equality and idyllic child-raising would gradually approach her dream of utopia. Mild amendments along the way support her broad tolerance for the modifications in society. Amid suffrage were the theories of eugenics, phrenology, and anticlericalism; her tendency to leap from one unmentionable interest to another left most advocates confused and irritated; some Cady Stanton enthusiasts, however, applied her views to their budding beliefs. Only eighteen years after her

T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Essay

T.S. Eliots The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Works Cited Not Included The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, a poem by T.S. Eliot, provides an abundant source of material for applying Freudian analysis.[1] Specifically, it is the character Prufrock who supplies this rich source. Although many Freudian themes could have been addressed in relation to Prufrock, in this paper it will be narrowed to the prevalent themes of ambivalence and cultural frustration found in Freud#960;s work and the contributing role the super-ego plays in their occurrence. In fact, Prufrock exemplifies ambivalence and its necessary conditions so well that Freud himself would have probably labeled him a neurotic. Before†¦show more content†¦#8805;(They will say: à ¥But how his arms and legs are thin!#960;)#8804; (44). Yet, the best example of his extreme social anxiety is when he describes how he feels when in social settings. And I have known the eyes already, known them all – The eyes that fix you in a formulated phrase, And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin, When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall. (55-58) The allusion made is a reference to bug collecting where the insect is pinned down and further inspected. Prufrock feels he is scrutinized in such a way that he cannot escape, hence his being pinned to the wall. He stills wriggles because he is uncomfortable, but it is to no avail. Due to this severe social anxiety, allowing even one person to know of the extreme vulnerability he exposes through the thoughts in the poem would be too stressful for him. The only person who Prufrock could be certain would never betray these thoughts is himself. Thus, the text of the poem represents his own stream of consciousness. Despite the fact that Prufrock appears to refer to another person in lines one, 11, 31, 78 and 90, it could be argued that this is a rhetorical method employed by him to express his thoughts. It is as if another person were listening. Acknowledging this as true further explains his solitude, for it displays his longing to express these feelingsShow MoreRelated T.S Elio t’s Preludes and The Love Song of J.Alfred. Prufrock, are examples1059 Words   |  5 PagesT.S Eliot’s Preludes and The Love Song of J.Alfred. Prufrock, are examples of modernist poetry which illustrate the concerns of modernist poets. Explain how the poetry you have studied reflects some of the major concerns of its context? In your answer refer closely to two poems by T.S. Eliot. T.S Eliot’s Preludes and The Love Song of J.Alfred. Prufrock, are examples of modernist poetry which illustrate the concerns of modernist poets. The modern era, which lasted between 1885 to 1940Read MoreThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pageshistorical context of a particular poem Poem: T. S. Eliot, ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The context of any given text whether poetry, novels or a movie is always integral to its understanding. Social and historical context of not only the given text, but the writer’s context and reader’s context play an important role in the interpretation and understanding of the major ideas, issues, values and beliefs within the text. T.S (Thomas Stearns) Eliot was one of the twentieth century’s majorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Love Song Of J.alfred Prufrock 1559 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern individual from the self and their surroundings as a direct cause of their socio-economic circumstance. T.S Eliot’s poetry established him as one of the most eminent modernist poets; attempting to free himself from the constraints of the Victorian movement which pre-dated him, this is evident in the free verse and stream of consciousness narrative style of ‘The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock’. In doing so, Eliot turned his attention towards the pligh t of the individual, opting for the ambiguousRead MoreT.S. Eliot - The Waste Land Brief Analytic Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesT.S Eliot’s The Wasteland, whilst being laden with rich cultural references and allusions, is a confronting representation of re-establishment and rejuvenation across the entirety of a European post-war society. Eliot addresses the cyclical nature of life and death, encompassed by carefully crafted language and structure designed to disorientate the reader. The reader is offered an interpretation of human behaviour which is akin to all beings across the cohort of society, regardless of ethnicityRead MoreThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The dramatic monologue â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock was written by Thomas Stearns Eliot and published in June of 1915. Eliot was born in St Louis, Missouri on September 26, 1888, where he grew up and lived until the age of eighteen. After high school, Eliot studied at Harvard University in Cambridge, MA and the Sorbonne in Paris, France. Eventually, Eliot ended up in England where he married his wife Vivien and spent the remainder of his lifeRead MoreThe Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock launched T.S. Eliot’s status as the influential poet of the twentieth century. The poem narrates the self-analysis of a man, Prufrock, who exposes the void and soulless quality of the modern world through his experiences. The morbid outlook of his life stems from his inability to find meaning in his existence. He is entrapped in a constant cycle of overwhelmingly negative emotions -- anxiety, hopelessnes s, and despair -- haunted by his fears and regrets. Prufrock’sRead MoreThe Lovesong Of J. Alfred Prufrock Critical Analysis1643 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å" The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock† by T.S. Eliot’s persona is a middle-aged male who has an unpromising physical environment and will. Much of the poem consists of Prufrock contemplating whether to go forth with a daring act, but to the reader’s dismay this daring act he speaks of is talking to a woman who he seems to have feelings for. Eliot began to write The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock in 1909, and ending at the peak of his first published book, Prufrock and Other Observations, publishedRead MoreThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock: A Good Example of Modernism1066 Words   |  5 Pagesdefamiliarization,rhythm,irresolution(Childs12 They call this movement as a ‘’ revolution of the word’’.T.S Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot is a good example for Modernism. It represents its aspects successfully. It is a poem about a man who has some problems in life.Even though the narrator of the poem is a middle-aged man; the poem is obviously written by a young man.( T.S. Eliot himself ). Eliot in his real life probably share Prufrock’s moods,feelings or anxieties aboutRead MoreLove Song of J.Alfred Prufrock : Representation of Modern Man1827 Words   |  8 PagesTHE LOVE SONG OF J.ALFRED PRUFROC Often called the first Modernist poem, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† was published in the prestigious American journal Poetry in June 1915. About the Poem: The poem centers on the feelings and thoughts of the eponymous speaker (the somewhat neurotic Prufrock) as he walks through the streets of London route to meet a woman for tea. He is considering a question (perhaps, broadly, the meaning of life, or, more narrowly, a proposal of marriage). Far more thanRead MoreAnalysis Of John Greene s Our Stars971 Words   |  4 PagesHazel Grace, wakes up in the middle of the night feeling extreme pain, She describes the feeling as being on the shore of a vast body of water, With waves crashing overhead but being unable to drown. Drowning also appears in T.S. Eliot’s poem,†The Love Song Of J.Alfred Prufrock† that Hazel recites for Augustus â€Å"Gus† Walters, During their dinner in Amsterdam over a bottle of champagne. She says the concluding lines of the poem: â€Å"We have lingered in the chambers of the sea / By sea-girls wreathed with

The Credits of Continuing Education

Question: Continuing education is a requirement of certification for laboratory scientists. Why do you think this is required, and how does it benefit the clinical laboratory? Answer: The credits of continuing education are mainly provided by clinical and laboratory standards institute. Continuing education benefit the clinical laboratory as the participants gain confidence in the quality of the program with this permitted educational session (Merriam MacKeracher, 2013). The professional knowledge is mainly enhanced with the help of continuing education. Continuing education acclaims in the course of hundreds of quality agendas on topics of decisive interest (Rosen et al., 2012). References Merriam, S., MacKeracher, D. (2013). The new update on adult learning theory. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education.Instructor. Rosen, M. A., Hunt, E. A., Pronovost, P. J., Federowicz, M. A., Weaver, S. J. (2012). In situ simulation in continuing education for the health care professions: a systematic review.Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions,32(4), 243-254.

Training Needs Analysis free essay sample

Co. Pte Ltd has been established since 1970s and is one of the top five trading companies in the Asia Pacific (covering North and South Asia) region. The organization consists of eight major departments namely, Iron Steel, Foodstuff, General Merchandise, Chemical (Organic Inorganic), Machinery Electronics, Information Technology, Finance Accounting and Human Resource/Administration. Each individual department is headed by a Department General Manager, who in turn reports to the President of the organization. The company staff strength is around 120 employees. The organization basically diversifies its portfolio of business in terms of trading in various products. 2. 1VISION To be a Leading Global Integrated Solutions Trading Company 2. 2MISSION Partnering Globally to Generate Progress and Prosperity 2. 3BUSINESS STRATEGY We aim to enhance and strengthen our business strategy by actively seeking new and innovative ways to create value in every business venture. †¢ Develop Winning Proposition by Interfacing Partners Globally †¢ Diligence in Executing Inventions as Growth Drivers †¢ Deliver Integrated Solutions to Propel Progress 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Training Needs Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 0WHAT IS TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS? Training Needs Analysis (TNA) is the formal process of identifying needs as gaps between current and desired results, placing those needs in priority order based on the cost to meet each need versus the cost of ignoring it, and selecting the most important needs (problems or opportunities) for reduction or elimination. It incorporates two critical dimensions, namely priority of importance of needs and costs of fulfilling or ignoring those needs.