Family Nurse Practitioner Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Family Nurse Practitioner - Personal Statement Example MSN and Post-Master's Certificate Programs Offered: Certified Nurse Midwifery (accredited by ACME), Family Nurse Practitioner, and/or Women's Health Care Nurse Practitioner (both accredited by the NLNAC). FSMFN also offers an online DNP program accredited by the AACN. MSN - Family Nurse Practitioner, MSN - Nurse Educator, Post-Graduate Certificate Family Nurse Practitioner, Post-Graduate Certificate in Nurse Education offered by All nursing programs at Graceland University are CCNE accredited. Graceland University is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA) and is accredited by the Higher Indiana Wesleyan University - College of Adult and Professional Studies offered MSN- Nursing Administration, MSN - Nursing Education, RN to BSN Completion Online, MSN - Primary Care (Gerontological Nurse Practitioner or Family Nurse Practitioner - *Campus Based) Liberty University's Online MSN - Clinical Nurse Specialist Acute Care Track is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, and Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools. Graduates are prepared for national certification as a CNS and work as practitioners and/or educators. The University of Cincinnati offers two Online MSN Pr... The University of Cincinnati offers two Online MSN Programs: a Master of Science in Nursing - Nurse Midwifery and a Master of Science in Nursing - Women's Health Nurse Practitioner. The MSN - Nurse Midwifery online program is accredited by the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) and the The MSN - Women's Health Nurse Practitioner online program is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE). Nursing students may be eligible to complete all or a portion of their clinical site requirements at a clinical site near their home. If not, there are a number of clinical sites in the Chicago area that faculty will assist in setting up for the student. The Rush University - College of Nursing received accreditation from the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) offered. Advanced Generalist MSN, MSN Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, MSN Neonatal Nurse Practitioner, Community/Public Health Clinical Nurse Specialist, Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD). The Saint Xavier University MSN - Clinical Nurse Leader program is CCNE accredited. Graduates are eligible to sit for the AACN national CNL certification exam Schools Based in Nevada Offering Nurse Practitioner Programs University of Nevada, Las Vegas 4505 Maryland Parkway Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, 702-895-3360 Offered: MSN- FNP Track, Pediatric NP Track University of Nevada, Reno - Orvis School of Nursing Reno, Nevada 89557-0052 775-784-6841Offered: MSN- FNP Track, College of Human & Community Sciences Nurse Practitioners in Nevada are referred to as Advanced Practitioners of Nursing or APN's. In order to become certified as a nurse practitioner in Nevada, I must first complete a program designed specifically to prepare me to become an

Labour productivity in mining and agriculture using Indonesia, The Essay

Labour productivity in mining and agriculture using Indonesia, The Philippines, and The US as case studies - Essay Example Another critical finding of this study is that the power of western economies to resist to global economic pressures cannot be guaranteed. For example, the findings in regard to labour productivity in USA are encouraging but no estimates have been made for the country’s labour productivity trends in the long term. On the other hand, the level of labour productivity of a country can be high even if the status of the national economy is not as high as could be expected; the case of Philippines is an indicative example. For this reason, when trying to compare the labour productivity indicators of countries worldwide it would be necessary to refer not only to their current performance in the sectors involved but also to their socio-cultural characteristics, as influencing all types of industrial activities developed locally. 2. Comparative analysis of labour productivity and the associated changes in sectors of production, in agriculture and mining sectors According to a quite des criptive definition, labour productivity is ‘a measurement of efficiency of production derived from the ratio of the real output to input over a period of time’ (National Statistics Office – Republic of the Philippines, 2012) 2.1 Indonesia The performance of Indonesia in regard to the growth of its economy is impressive. In fact, currently the country’s economy as ranking at the 16th position in the context of the global market (McKinsey and Company, 2012, p.1); by 2030 the economy of Indonesia is expected to be at the 7th position of the relevant index (McKinsey and Company, 2012, p.1). The significant increase of labour productivity, at a level of 60%, is considered as the key reason for the rapid growth of the country’s economy (McKinsey and Company, 2012, p.1). For reaching the targeted level of economic growth, i.e. for becoming the 7th most powerful economy in the world, Indonesia needs to increase the level of its labour productivity by †˜an additional 60%, compared to the rate achieved between 2000 and 2010’ (McKinsey and Company, 2012, p.1). In order to understand the rate of labour productivity in Indonesia it would be necessary to refer to the country’s trends in regard to labour force and employment growth. These trends are presented in Figure 1 below. An increase in the labour force in general seems to exist from 2004 up to 2010; however, this increase does not reflect the employment of young people, age between 15 and 24 (Figure 1); for the specific category of the labour force, a trend for continuous decrease is revealed for the years 2004 to 2010 (Figure 1). Figure 1 – Labour force and employment growth trends in Indonesia for the years 2004 to 2010 (source: ILO 2011, p.9) It should be noted that the level of limitation of youth participation in the workforce has been especially high from 2007 up to 2010, while from 2005 to 2007 signs of standardization of the percentage of young peopl e entering the workplace seemed to exist (Figure 1). In regard to the distribution of labour force across the country’s industries, the following facts should be highlighted: most of workers in Indonesia are employed in the agricultural sector, with a percentage of 38.1 (Figure 2 below), even if the sector’

Property Law College Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Property Law College - Case Study Example Also included in the contract were tools that were in the garden shed as you did not think you would need them. However, you now still have a small yard and need some tools. These are not fixtures and you believe that you are able to take them. You and your partner move into the town house holding the property as joint tenants. Sadly your partner dies some weeks after you bought the property. The house is in contract and the townhouse does not have an island bench in the kitchen and client wishes to take the one out of the kitchen in the sold house and move it to the new one. This would mean damaging the floor. Australian law defines a fixture as: " Items such as hot water systems, built-in cupboards, bath, stove, etc" (Australian Real Estate). The common denominator with the afore -mentioned list is that the items cannot be removed from a property without causing damage. Accordingly, since the floor of the house would be damaged upon its' removal, the island bench is considered to be a fixture. When land is transferred with a house, the value of all the tenant's fixtures is now to be included in calculating the unencumbered value of land. This law reverses the Victorian Supreme Court decisions in the Vopak Terminal case (where substantial storage tanks were sold separately to another party) and the Uniqema case (2004) (but only on the issue of tenant's fixtures). Here, the seller has already contracted the sale of the house. The contract price was in part, based upon the value of the house and its' fixture. If the client wishes to depart with the island, they should either re-negotiate the contract or make a concession for the floor repairs (in the purchase price) that will result from removing the island. Additionally, the seller would be well advised to issue a credit towards the purchase price. In no events may the seller simply take the island. Fixtures, according to the Australian courts become part of the land and as a consequence, the realty, and must therefore pass to the buyer with the sale of the property. Some sort of concession must be made either at closing or before closing in order for the seller to not be in violation of his contract. II. What is the legal position in relation to the curtains A leading case in this area is Australian Provincial Assurance Co. Ltd. v. Coroneo. There the Court addressed the removal of theatre chairs, movie projection equipment and a generator seized from a theatre. The court reasoned that that if a chattel is actually fixed to land to any extent, any means other than its own weight, then prima facie it is a fixture; and the burden of proof is upon the person who asserts that it is not. If it is not otherwise fixed but is kept in position by its own weight, then prima facie it is not a fixture; and the burden of proof is upon the person who asserts that it is. Here because the buyer is looking to have the curtains, which are not actually affixed to the land to any extent, he bears the burden of proof. The test of whether a chattel is a fixture was determined by the court to be whether it had been fixed with the inten

Labour productivity in mining and agriculture using Indonesia, The Essay

Labour productivity in mining and agriculture using Indonesia, The Philippines, and The US as case studies - Essay Example Another critical finding of this study is that the power of western economies to resist to global economic pressures cannot be guaranteed. For example, the findings in regard to labour productivity in USA are encouraging but no estimates have been made for the country’s labour productivity trends in the long term. On the other hand, the level of labour productivity of a country can be high even if the status of the national economy is not as high as could be expected; the case of Philippines is an indicative example. For this reason, when trying to compare the labour productivity indicators of countries worldwide it would be necessary to refer not only to their current performance in the sectors involved but also to their socio-cultural characteristics, as influencing all types of industrial activities developed locally. 2. Comparative analysis of labour productivity and the associated changes in sectors of production, in agriculture and mining sectors According to a quite des criptive definition, labour productivity is ‘a measurement of efficiency of production derived from the ratio of the real output to input over a period of time’ (National Statistics Office – Republic of the Philippines, 2012) 2.1 Indonesia The performance of Indonesia in regard to the growth of its economy is impressive. In fact, currently the country’s economy as ranking at the 16th position in the context of the global market (McKinsey and Company, 2012, p.1); by 2030 the economy of Indonesia is expected to be at the 7th position of the relevant index (McKinsey and Company, 2012, p.1). The significant increase of labour productivity, at a level of 60%, is considered as the key reason for the rapid growth of the country’s economy (McKinsey and Company, 2012, p.1). For reaching the targeted level of economic growth, i.e. for becoming the 7th most powerful economy in the world, Indonesia needs to increase the level of its labour productivity by †˜an additional 60%, compared to the rate achieved between 2000 and 2010’ (McKinsey and Company, 2012, p.1). In order to understand the rate of labour productivity in Indonesia it would be necessary to refer to the country’s trends in regard to labour force and employment growth. These trends are presented in Figure 1 below. An increase in the labour force in general seems to exist from 2004 up to 2010; however, this increase does not reflect the employment of young people, age between 15 and 24 (Figure 1); for the specific category of the labour force, a trend for continuous decrease is revealed for the years 2004 to 2010 (Figure 1). Figure 1 – Labour force and employment growth trends in Indonesia for the years 2004 to 2010 (source: ILO 2011, p.9) It should be noted that the level of limitation of youth participation in the workforce has been especially high from 2007 up to 2010, while from 2005 to 2007 signs of standardization of the percentage of young peopl e entering the workplace seemed to exist (Figure 1). In regard to the distribution of labour force across the country’s industries, the following facts should be highlighted: most of workers in Indonesia are employed in the agricultural sector, with a percentage of 38.1 (Figure 2 below), even if the sector’

Textiles and the Environment Green Essay Example for Free

Textiles and the Environment Green Essay Sustainable building design attempts to make it healthier, less wasteful, and with fewer impacts on the natural environment through building design, materials, and building operations. Sustainable design tries to maximize overall efficiency and energy efficiency as well. Nowadays, however, the meaning of â€Å"green/sustainable design† encompasses not only buildings but all industries. The idea of â€Å"green† or â€Å"sustainable† entered the mainstream and has attracted public attention. There are many reasons why that concept is entering the mainstream and catch the attention of people: global warming, rising energy cost, the growing awareness and liability costs associated with â€Å"contamination of nature†, declining oil reserves, and concerns about limited supply. Green/sustainable design is measured according to environmental, financial and social factors. As focusing on industrial development, humans have destroyed much of the nature. It is essential to accept that humans are dependent on the natural environment for their survival and wellbeing. According to Edwin Datschefski, consultant in environmental management and sustainable product design, green design have to meet the following requisites to achieve sustainability in terms of environmental aspects: all materials for manufacturing products have to be reusable, energy comes from renewable sources such as solar, wind and water power, no hazardous substances are emitted to the environment during manufacture and use, and the efficiency of product is improved by requiring 90% less materials, energy and water than the counterparts providing equivalent utility did in1990. Social sustainability is the ultimate goal of green design is creating and maintaining quality of life for people while financial and environmental factors are means to the end. Social sustainability concerns protecting the mental and physical health of members of the public, encouraging community, treating people fairy, and providing essential services. People in good condition easily can afford to develop and maintain a healthy society. Financial factor is important for two reasons: the majority of businesses will not pursue sustainability without profits and plenty promises quality of life. Unlike misconception, the goal of financial benefits can agree with the goals of environmental and social advantages. Well designed products maximize profitability and generate long term revenue by minimizing consumption of resources, using infinite energy, and meeting increasing eco-conscious consumers’ needs. The green labels give advantages to the ethical customers and sustainable product industries both. Green labels have been tagged in order to communicate information to consumers. The labels ensure that the certified products by authority do not cause the environmental damages during manufacture and use: shoppers can tell at a glance that the product is safe for the nature and themselves as well due to the green labels. The logos encourage the customers to purchase the labeled products even though the products are more expensive than equivalents. Many people are sceptical of unjustified claims of companies, but green labels are the best way for the companies to prove that these claims are justified. It is very effective marketing strategy among any promotion or advertising plans. On the contrary, overusing labels could make shoppers confused. There are a number of organizations issuing green labels over the world. Green labels can be found everywhere having various designs usually in green or blue to be known intuitively by consumers. However, they cannot be sure that the label is issued by a reliable organization, the certification is achieved properly, and the manufacturers keep working to the requirement. 2) What is an eco-friendly textile? Why support Eco Friendly textile? Many of the clothes we wear today are made from synthetic materials

Angiosperm Questions

Angiosperm Questions Jump to: Answers Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The products of meiosis in plants are always which of the following? a.  spores b.  eggs c. sperm d.  seeds e.  both B and C 2. Which of the following is the correct sequence during alternation of generations in a flowering plant? a.  sporophyte-meiosis-gametophyte-gametes-fertilization-diploid zygote b.  sporophyte-mitosis-gametophyte-meiosis-sporophyte c.  haploid gametophyte-gametes-meiosis-fertilization-diploid sporophyte d.  sporophyte-spores-meiosis-gametophyte-gametes e.  haploid sporophyte-spores-fertilization-diploid gametophyte 3. Which of the following is true in plants? a.  Meiosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes. b.  Meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores. c.  The gametophyte is the dominant generation in flowering plants. d.  Plants exist continually as either sporophytes or gametophytes. e.  Male gametophytes and female gametophytes have the same structure. 4. All of the following are features of angiosperms except: a.  a triploid endosperm. b.  an ovary that becomes a fruit. c.  animal pollination. d.  a small (reduced) sporophyte. e.  double fertilization. 5. All of the following floral parts are directly involved in pollination or fertilization except the: a.  stigma. b.  anther. c.  sepal. d.  carpel. e.  style. 6. A mutation in which of the following floral parts would have the greatest impact on pollination? a.  sepal b.  petal c.  stamen d.  carpel e.  either C or D 7. A mutation in which of the following floral parts would have the greatest potential impact on fertilization? a.  sepal b.  petal c. stamen d.  carpel e.  either C or D 8. Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower? a.  petals-sepals-stamens-carpels b.   sepals-stamens-petals-carpels c.  spores-gametes-zygote-embryo d.  sepals-petals-stamens-carpels e.  male gametophyte-female gametophyte-sepals-petals 9. All of the following are primary functions of flowers except: a. pollen production. b.  photosynthesis. c.  meiosis. d.  egg production. e.  sexual reproduction. 10. Meiosis occurs within all of the following flower parts except the: a.  ovule. b.  style. c.  megasporangium. d.  anther. e.  ovary. 11. A perfect flower is fertile, but may be either complete or incomplete. Which of the following correctly describes a perfect flower? a.  It has no sepals. b.  It has fused carpels. c.  It is on a dioecious plant. d.  It has no endosperm. e.  It has both stamens and carpels. 12. Which of the following types of plants is not able to self-pollinate? a.  dioecious b.  monoecious c.  complete d.  wind-pollinated e. insect-pollinated 13. In flowering plants, pollen is released from the: a.  anther. b.  stigma. c.  carpel. d.  filament. e.  pollen tube. 14. In the life cycle of an angiosperm, which of the following stages is diploid? a.  megaspore b.  generative nucleus of a pollen grain c.  polar nuclei of the embryo sac d.  microsporocyte e.  both megaspore and polar nuclei 15. Where does meiosis occur in flowering plants? a.  megasporocyte b.  microsporocyte c.  endosperm d.  pollen tube e.  megasporocyte and microsporocyte 16. Which of the following is a correct sequence of processes that takes place when a flowering plant reproduces? a.  meiosis-fertilization-ovulation-germination b.  fertilization-meiosis-nuclear fusion-formation of embryo and endosperm c.  meiosis-pollination-nuclear fusion-formation of embryo and endosperm d.  growth of pollen tube-pollination-germination-fertilization e.  meiosis-mitosis-nuclear fusion-pollen 17. Which of these is incorrectly paired with its life-cycle generation? a.  anther-gametophyte b.  pollen-gametophyte c.  embryo sac-gametophyte d.  stamen-sporophyte e.  embryo-sporophyte 18. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a pollen sac? a.  sporangia-meiosis-two haploid cells-meiosis-two pollen grains per cell b.  pollen grain-meiosis-two generative cells-two tube cells per pollen grain c.  two haploid cells-meiosis-generative cell-tube cell-fertilization-pollen grain d.  pollen grain-mitosis-microspores-meiosis-generative cell plus tube cell e.  microsporocyte-meiosis-microspores-mitosis-two haploid cells per pollen grain 19. Which of the following occurs in an angiosperm ovule? a.  An antheridium forms from the megasporophyte. b.  A megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis. c.  The egg nucleus is usually diploid. d.  A pollen tube emerges to accept pollen after pollination. e.  The endosperm surrounds the megaspore mother cell. 20. Where and by which process are sperm produced in plants? a.  meiosis in pollen grains b. meiosis in anthers c.  mitosis in male gametophytes d.  mitosis in the micropyle e.  mitosis in the embryo sac 21. In which of the following pairs are the two terms equivalent? a.  ovule-egg b.  embryo sac-female gametophyte c.  endosperm-male gametophyte d.  seed-zygote e.  microspore-pollen grain 22. Which of the following is the male gametophyte of a flowering plant? a.  ovule b.  microsporocyte c.  pollen grain d.  embryo sac e.  stamen The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm. 23. Which cell(s), after fertilization, give(s) rise to the embryo plant? a.  A b.  B c.  C d.  D e.  E 24. Which cell(s) become(s) the triploid endosperm? a.  A b.  B c.  C d.  D e.  E 25. What is the relationship between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants? a.  Fertilization precedes pollination. b.  Pollination easily occurs between plants of different species. c.  Pollen is formed within megasporangia so that male and female gametes are near each other. d.  Pollination brings gametophytes together so that fertilization can occur. e.  If fertilization occurs, pollination is unnecessary. 26. Genetic incompatibility does not affect the a.  attraction of a suitable insect pollinator. b.  germination of the pollen on the stigma. c.  growth of the pollen tube in the style. d.  membrane permeability of cells. e.  different individuals of the same species. 27. The integuments of an ovule function to do what? a.  protect against animal predation b.  ensure double fertilization c.  form a seed coat d.  both A and B e.  both A and C 28. A fruit includes a.  one or more seeds. b.  the ovary wall. c.  fleshy cells rich in sugars. d.  brightly colored pigments to attract animal dispersers. e.  both A and B 29. Which of the following is not an advantage of an extended gametophyte generation in plants? a.  Male gametophytes can travel more easily within spore walls. b.  The protection of female gametophytes within ovules keeps them from drying out. c.  The lack of need for swimming sperm makes life on land easier. d.  Female gametophytes develop egg cells, which are fertilized within an ovule that will become a seed. e.  Endosperm forms a protective seed coat. 30. What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms? a.  The endosperm develops into a diploid nutrient tissue. b.  A triploid zygote is formed. c.  Both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed. d.  Two embryos develop in every seed. e.  The fertilized antipodal cells develop into the seed coat. 31. Which of the following statements regarding the endosperm is false? a.  Its nutrients may be absorbed by the cotyledons in the seeds of eudicots. b.  It develops from a triploid cell. c.  Its nutrients are digested by enzymes in monocot seeds following hydration. d.  It develops from the fertilized egg. e.  It is rich in nutrients, which it provides to the embryo. 32. What is the embryonic root called? a. plumule b. hypocotyl c.  epicotyl d.  radicle e.  shoot 33. Which of the following vegetables is botanically a fruit? a.  potato b.   lettuce c.  radish d.  celery e.  green beans 34. Which of these structures is unique to the seed of a monocot? a.  cotyledon b.  endosperm c.  coleoptile d.  radicle e.  seed coat 35. Fruits develop from: a.  microsporangia. b.  receptacles. c.  fertilized eggs. d.  ovaries. e.  ovules. 36. The first step in the germination of a seed is usually: a.  pollination. b.  fertilization. c.  imbibition of water. d.  hydrolysis of starch and other food reserves. e. emergence of the radicle. 37. When seeds germinate, the radicle emerges before the shoot. This allows the seedling to quickly: a.  obtain a dependable water supply. b.  mobilize stored carbohydrates. c.  protect the emerging coleoptile. d.  avoid etiolation. e.  initiate photosynthesis. 38. In plants, which of the following could be an advantage of sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction? a.  genetic variation b.  mitosis c.  stable populations d.   rapid population increase e. greater longevity 39. Regardless of where in the world a vineyard is located, in order for the winery to produce a Burgundy, it must use varietal grapes that originated in Burgundy, France. The most effective way for a new California grower to plant a vineyard to produce Burgundy is to: a.  plant seeds obtained from French varietal Burgundy grapes. b.  transplant varietal Burgundy plants from France. c.  root cuttings of varietal Burgundy grapes from France. d.  cross French Burgundy grapes with native American grapes. e.  graft varietal Burgundy grape scions onto native (Californian) root stocks. 40. Which of the following is not a scientific concern relating to creating genetically modified crops? a.  Herbicide resistance may spread to weedy species. b.  Insect pests may evolve resistance to toxins more rapidly. c.  Nontarget species may be affected. d.  The monetary costs of growing genetically modified plants are significantly greater than traditional breeding techniques. e.  Genetically modified plants may lead to unknown risks to human health. Angiosperm Reproduction Questions Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 2. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 3. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 4. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 5. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 6. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 7. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 8. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 9. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 10. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 11. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 12. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 13. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 14. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 15. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 16. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 17. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 18. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.1 19. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 20. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 21. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 22. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 23. ANS: B TOP: Concept 38.1 24. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.1 25. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.1 26. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.1 27. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 28. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.2 29. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.2 30. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 31. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.2 32. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.2 33. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.2 34. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 35. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.2 36. ANS: C TOP: Concept 38.2 37. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.2 38. ANS: A TOP: Concept 38.3 39. ANS: E TOP: Concept 38.3 40. ANS: D TOP: Concept 38.4 E A B D C B D D B B E A A

pascal :: essays research papers fc

Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher. He had many important contributions to the mathematics and physics such as: the construction of mechanical calculators, considerations on probability theory, the study of fluids, concepts of the pressure and vacuum, and the Pascal Triangle. After a divine experience in 1654, he devoted himself to meditating and writing philosophy. His many discoveries in the field of mathematics have made him one of the most important mathematicians in history (Broome). Blaise Pascal was born in Clermont, France in 1623. He was one of five children and lost his mother at the age of three. Starting in 1631, his father, Étienne Pascal, devoted himself to the education of Blaise, who showed extraordinary intelligence. At age 16, Pascal produced a paper on conic sections, which is now called Pascal's theorem. At age 18, Pascal created a mechanical calculator able to do addition and subtraction (Pascal). In 1653, Pascal wrote the Traità © du Triangle Arithmà ©tique, which was a theory described as a convenient tabular presentation for binomial coefficients. Today his theory is called the arithmetical triangle or Pascal triangle (Broome). Pascal did much research in science that included contributions to the study of fluids, pressures, and vacuums. He also invented the hydraulic press and syringe. In 1654, he worked with another mathematician, Fermat, on the mathematical theory of probabilities (Broome). In 1654, he was in a carriage accident and fifteen days later had an intense religious vision (Pascal). After the vision, Pascal began to attack the ideas of casuistry or complex reasoning to justify moral laxity. His wrote many essays and letters against this idea and was hated for this. Louis XIV of France ordered that his papers be shredded and burnt. Pascal largest theological writing was the Pensà ©es, which was a sustained and coherent examination of and defense of the Christian faith. However, the novel was left unfinished because of his death in Paris on August 19, 1662 (Broome). Blaise Pascal’s finding have provided much information to the mathmatic, scientific, and religious communitys.