Psychology Papers

Psychology Papers Psychology Papers Psychology Papers: How to Make Them Good? There may be different kinds of psychology papers that you may be provided with if you study psychology. But whether you have to write an essay or a research paper or some other assignment paper in psychology, you should take into account the following points:Any of psychology papers should contain the deep analysis of the issue it is written on; It is should be written clearly and have the logical structure; A psychology paper should be free of any mistakes as any other assignment paper. In what way can you meet these requirements? On making this question clear you will master the art of writing of psychology papers. Writing psychology papers: constituent parts of the processIt goes without saying that your writing should begin with the thorough study of your paper topic. Papers psychology suggests the deep analysis of phenomena of the human life. So, if you have to discuss, for example, alcoholism or panic disorder in your pap er, you should study the reasons of the phenomenon in question, its influence on the human life and activity, its presentation and consequences. That is why to make strong research you should find as much informational materials on the topic as possible. You may make use of different books on psychology, articles or other papers. When studying necessary informational sources it is necessary for you to make notes. Write down some information (statistical data, quotations) that you may use in your psychology paper. Making a thesis statement is peculiar to psychology papers as well. Moreover, a thesis statement will play an important role in your writing. In what way? It will be much easier for you to write and for reader to read. Firstly, a paper thesis statement puts your research into certain frameworks. Thus, you have no need to switch from one aspect to another and may concentrate your attention on a certain point. Secondly, a thesis statement is presented at the beg inning of your paper. Thus, your audience may find out what your paper is focused on. How to put all the ideas together in the logical order? This is an important question in writing of any assignment papers and in particular psychology papers. The success of a paper depends on its structure considerably. To make your paper well-structured, first of all, you should make an outline. State the points you are going to discuss in your paper. do not forget that it should conta

Dam and Damn - Commonly Confused Words

Dam and Damn - Commonly Confused Words The words dam and damn are homophones: they sound the same but have different meanings.The noun dam refers to a barrier that holds back water. As a verb, dam means to hold back or confine. As a verb, damn means to criticize or to condemn as bad or inferior. As an interjection, damn is used to express anger, frustration, or disappointment. As an adjective, damn serves as a shorted form of damned. Examples Are you that little Dutch  boy with the finger in the dam trying to prevent the wall from coming down and the water from flooding your valley?  (Jeanette C. Morgan, The Voice That Must Be Heard. Tate, 2010)The Boers were unsuccessful in their efforts to dam up the Klip River in order to flood the town.Damn them, he cursed inwardly, years of bitter resentment welling up inside him. Damn them for laughing, damn the driver for swearing at him! Damn the whole town.(James Herbert, The Fog. Pan Macmillan, 1999) Practice The man could be concealing the fact that his stones were enchanted by black magic, helping to _____ the person who used them.  (Piers Anthony, On a Pale Horse. Del Rey Books, 1983)Waves were crashing against the _____ in front of us, and we were drenched by the wild spray.There was a treaty that said the Indians could always fish the falls. But the government wanted to build a _____ to generate electricity for the cities and store water for the farmers.  (Craig Lesley, Winterkill. Houghton Mifflin, 1984) Answers to Practice Exercises The man could be concealing the fact that his stones were enchanted by black magic, helping to  damn  the person who used them. (Piers Anthony,  On a Pale Horse.  Del Rey Books, 1983)Waves were crashing against the  dam  in front of us, and we were drenched by the wild spray.There was a treaty that said the Indians could always fish the falls. But the government wanted to build a  dam  to generate electricity for the cities and store water for the farmers.   (Craig Lesley,  Winterkill. Houghton Mifflin, 1984)

Amputation Mishap Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Amputation Mishap Negligence - Essay Example A malpractice on the other hand occurs when a doctor, a hospital, or any other medical professional, causes an injury through omission or negligence to a patient. Malpractice can also be viewed as professional negligence, where a surgeon or any other professional testifies that his colleagues would regard his practice as not proper. All malpractice may involve negligence, although all negligence may not be malpractice. If a nurse fails to present medications as prescribed, and consequently the patient’s condition gets worse or results in death, the nurse will be indeed negligent. In cases where a nurse fails to pay attention to his or her tasks or has inadequate skills, it may lead to a suit of negligence to one who does not give approved care standards (Helm, 2003). Good nurses know their obligations and communicate well with their patients and physicians. Such nurses are aware of board practices and regulations within legal guidelines. Most nurses have no issues with committ ing negligent acts provided and they adhere to the confines of required practices, protocols, and legal hospital guidelines. I do agree with the article that what was practiced by the doctor, the hospital management, and the neighboring staff is total negligence. It is man’s nature to make errors at times, but mistakes that lead to harm on individuals could be perceived as negligence. In the Neighborhood newspaper, Mr. Benson’s amputation was an irreversible act. The doctor amputated the wrong leg, a fact that still remains a dream to Benson. The dilemma is whether the doctor was negligent in his practice or not. Here, the doctor was definitely negligent. This is due to the reason that the surgeon did not act exactly the way any other surgeon would have acted if in the same practice. Worse of all, not all the measures were considered to make sure that the right leg be amputated. Several cases of the same type have happened in history and procedures invented so this mis take would not occur again. Surgery is to be carried out after the right procedures have been put in place. Staff members in the operating room have to take time in ensuring that the correct patient is in the room awaiting the right surgery. In Benson’s case, the nurses at the neighborhood hospital kept quite on the case. If the nursing staff and the doctors in the operating room were keen on the practice, then this incident could not happen (Oberman, 1996). Quality documentation is vital in providing care and due to the present healthcare system; patients who claim to have sustained psychological or physical harm resulting from the negligence of their health providers can bring their lawsuits and claims to recover damages. A medical record acts as a legal document to be used by the injured patient for other legal proceedings or against other personnel since it is a permanent record. Correct documentation in the medical records develops legal data which completely and accurat ely reflect the care offered to the injured patient. In a court of law, it acts like a witness who gives facets about the events. If there is no evidence from the records then it is assumed that the negligent act never happened. Documentation is also important to the health providers; especially in civil litigation where there is alleged nursing malpractice or negligence it can

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Final paper - Essay Example In our own argument we thought that was not well since beef is a delicious meal. However, after a reading in class, we realized the concept and notion of cultural relativism which stipulates that each and every culture is unique in its own way and there is no absolute or universal culture in the world.in brief the conversation in rhetoric form was as follows. The next day, we resumed the discussion about other cultures in other countries and realized that somewhat our culture was superior in way. This was so because the things that we do in our cultures we perceive them to be the best and highest in the society. However, the reading we did in class that previous week dispelled our notion and opinion which stipulated that we were ethnocentric. The term ethnocentrism in the simplest and most basic sense refers to the instance and situation whereby an individual elevates his or her own culture over and above the cultures of other people (Perne 23). For instance, when a person believes that the things that happen in his or her life are the best and others are inferior constitutes ethnocentrism. In rhetoric

Legislation and Regulatory Bodies Essay Example for Free

Legislation and Regulatory Bodies Essay Children Act 1989 This act acknowledged that children have rights and that their needs are paramount. Children Act 2004 This act was written as a result of the death of a child due to neglect. The act expressed that every child matters and identified outcomes for all children to be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution and achieve economic wellbeing. Although every child matters there is no longer an official programme there are no plans to repeal the legislative framework behind the outcomes. Childcare Act 2006. This is important to home based child care and has presented a number of changes. These are: †¢ The Early Year’s Foundation Stage †¢ Ofsted registers †¢ Children centres and extended schools. †¢ Duty of local care authorities to ensure adequate childcare and information †¢ Free early years 3 4 year old funding. Equality act 2010 This brought together all earlier acts concerning equal opportunities. This guarantees that different groups of people are treated fairly .This includes men women, people of different races, disabled people, people with different religions or no religions, people of different ages, Lesbian gay and bisexual straight people and people who have changed their sex. It also ensures that child minder’s anticipate the needs of the families in their care and make sensible adjustments to ensure disabled children and their families can access their service. The Data Protection Act 1998 outlines the rules which protect the personal data of an individual and prevents information being passed on without their consent. In the case of children, their parents must give consent. Riddor 1995 This specifies that certain accidents and injuries must be reported by law. The main purpose of the regulations is to put together reports to the health and safety executive and to local authorities. Home based child minders have a duty to report deaths, major illness, reportable diseases And dangerous incidents Regulatory Bodies All child minders have to be registered with Ofsted. Ofsted are the regulatory body for child care education. They register and inspect all child care providers. Home based childcare (includes) †¢ Child minders †¢ Home based carers †¢ Nannies †¢ Childcare on domestic premises. Ofsted will carry out check on child minders and any person over the age of 16 years who live on the premises. They also carry out checks on child minder’s and their service, investigate following any complaint or concern and enforce action against child minders that do not meet the level of required standards of registration and action could be taken. Child minders caring for children from birth to 31st August after their fifth birthday will be placed on the Early Years Register which means they will be inspected against the welfare requirements of the EYFS; they are inspected within the first seven months and have inspections every three years. Child minders who care for children from 1st September following their fifth birthday up to the age of 8 will be placed on the compulsory part of the Ofsted childcare register. This means the child minders will be randomly chosen for inspection, Ofsted will inspect the child minder if they receive a complaint, they will be given little or no notice of these inspections and they will be inspected against the conditions for the childcare register. The early year’s foundation stage EYFS sets the standards all early years providers must meet to guarantee that children learn and develop well and are kept healthy and safe. It encourages teaching and learning to ensure children’s school readiness. This gives children the broad range of knowledge and skills that provides the right foundation for a good future progress through their school life

Firewalls VS Nudity :: essays research papers

Starbuxman (11:45:02 PM): trying to defend firewalls should be a crime ELITE BOO (11:46:17 PM): im not defending them, its only the facts. plus if you try to make that a crime, the world of computers would just laugh at your face ELITE BOO (11:48:02 PM): btw, trying to download from nbci was a bitch, i had to create my own html file to link to them, twice! Starbuxman (11:48:40 PM): the facts are a simpler, cleaner system is the way to go. Virus protection, firewalls and other idiocy only inhibit progress. and the firewall would indeed inhibit an installation if it were one of the many programs/crap/variables free on the internet. Each time i send someone on AIM a file, they have to disable the firewall. This is lost time. Starbuxman (11:48:58 PM): And NBCI isn't a bitch (or if it is, dont say it) rthey use PHP, atfer all Starbuxman (11:49:08 PM): and sexy apache ELITE BOO (11:50:24 PM): ive always had a firewall on while you sending me something through aim and never had to turn it off, shows how much you know about the ELITE BOO (11:50:25 PM): m Starbuxman (11:50:52 PM): hey senor i know plenty. kevin has a firewall. he has to turn it off. ELITE BOO (11:51:01 PM): without having a firewall installed on your pc is a perfomance of idiocy ELITE BOO (11:51:27 PM): kevin's firewall therefor sucks or he has not configured it properly Starbuxman (11:51:49 PM): and youre the one who uses it -- youre te one whos lacking in knowledge. performance - another reason why firewalls can suck it -- theyre one more thing that inhibits my computers performance ELITE BOO (11:51:58 PM): firewalls dont only come in the form of software niether, they are more common as hardware ELITE BOO (11:52:41 PM): if a firewall lacks your computers perfomance so much that you notice it, then its quite obvious that your computer sucks Starbuxman (11:52:59 PM): my old computer did suck. Starbuxman (11:53:01 PM): and in those cases theyre not only all of the above, theyre expensive. basically theres not a single reason to use firewalls but to protect you from yourself. Starbuxman (11:53:14 PM): hardware. oy. Starbuxman (11:53:29 PM): now youre making it an expense too. no thanks. ELITE BOO (11:55:33 PM): of course there expensive, but its a single payment of 24hr protection... and how the hell can you say the only use of a firewall is to protect

Computer Architecture Essay

1. Describe Von Neumann architecture and explain why it is important. The Von Neumann architecture explains the architecture of an electronic computer. It is attributed to be root of every electronic computer that has ever been made. According to Von Neumann architecture an electronic computer has Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit, Memory & Input / Output Devices. The following diagram shows this architecture:- Memory: – Memory holds both data and the instructions. Control Unit: – The Control Unit manages the movement of data and instructions in and out of the memory and also deals with sequential carrying out of the programs. Arithmetic Logic Unit: – Carries out all the calculations on the data. Apart from operations like addition, subtraction etc, ‘greater than’, ‘less than’ etc would also be provided. Input / Output: – Input/output devices to feed into the data and take out the data. This component served interaction with the human who was operating the device The most basic principle of development of Von Neumann architecture was that it not just stored the data and the computation that was involved; it also stored the set of orders and instructions that had resulted in the computation. The entire set of instructions were stored in what is called as ‘registers’ and the control unit used to process this in a sequential manner – which means one at a time. In this architecture the instructions were encoded into numeric form and the data as well as the instructions were then stored in the memory. The Von Neumann Architecture is important because it led to the development of the earliest computers. Even the computers we see today, that are fifth generation and have a drastically different architecture, draw their parallels from Von Neumann Architecture. Obviously there has been lot of improvements. However, the base of having memory, control unit, input / output devices still remains integral to all the machines. Von Neumann architecture can hence be easily regarded as mother of all computer architectural designs. 2. Explain what a system bus is and why it is needed. The system bus is the pathway over which the data travels between the CPU and the rest of the components on the motherboard. The system bus speed is defined as the capacity to move the data through the system, as it is the speed that connects the different parts of the system. The front-side bus (FSB) is that part of the bus which is responsible to carry the data between RAM and the CPU. FSB is the part that usually has the greatest effect on the performance of the system. A system with high-performance processors and components would need to have a fast front-side bus. Bus speed is quite important and can have a significant impact in the performance of the machine. The data in a system is stored, manipulated and processed in the system memory. The system needs to move this information in and out of memory, and at the same time, a track of which data is stored at which location need. This entire info travels using the system bus. If the bus speed is low, there will be a very low transmission data speed, leading to the computer working very slowly. We know that in all the modern systems that we use, the processor is running at a speed that is much faster than the memory bus. If we compute the ratio of processer speed to bus speed (something called as bus multiplier), we will find that the lower the multiplier the better it is. If the multiplier is large, it would mean that the bus speed is slow as compare to the processor speed, in which case the processor will remain idle. On the other hand, if the bus speed is higher, then more data can be fed to the processor resulting in lower latency (time to start a request). 3. Summarize the use of Boolean operators in computer-based calculations. Boolean Operators are the most popular operators used for computer based calculations. Boolean operators are simple words (AND, OR, NOT or AND NOT) which are used to carry out these calculations. Together, these keywords help in finding, joining or excluding a particular keyword in a search and hence arrive at results efficiently. These operators and their use can greatly help in saving time by doing searches for getting to ‘on-target’ results – which are more relevant and accurate to the questions/needs that are posed. Every different search engine makes use of Boolean operators in varying fashion. While doing Boolean based calculations, a lot of proximity operators can be used to combine strings which can then help with the search. A brief overview of various operators is given below:- AND This Boolean operate requires both the terms to be in each item returned. For example, if only one of the term is contained in the document and the other is absent, the item is excluded OR This Boolean operator would return either term (or even both the terms) NOT While using this Boolean operator, the first term is searched, and then any records containing the term after the operators are subtracted from the results. Using Parentheses to include different strings will help in giving more customized and accurate results for the operation. 4. Categorize the various types of memory and storage. Computers need to have a storage space and memory units to store information and to run programs. There are various types of memory and storage, with various specifications and different purposes. These different types of memory and storage are:- Random Access Memory (RAM) RAM stores the data on a temporary basis, and as such it can be quickly/promptly accessed by the processor. This information, which includes both the application data and the data related to operating system, is loaded from the hard disk of the computer. The catch however is that as soon as the system is switched off, all the stored information is lost. Read Only Memory (ROM) Unlike RAM, ROM is active, even if the system is turned off – thus making it somewhat a permanent non-volatile storage memory. The contents of ROM cannot be modified. ROM has all the data which should be present so that the computer can carry out the normal functions.. Cache Cache is a more responsive memory than RAM. The CPU, in case of Cache, for finding the required information the CPU first searches the cache memory before searching the central memory storage area Computer Hard Drive This has a set of devices that are integral components of data storage components in the CPU. This particular memory has different ranges and a particular user may chose the size of the memory. The hard disks can store a very large amount of information, including photos, videos, music, documents, programs and more and this memory remains even after your computer is turned off. External hard disks An external hard disk is a great way to store more digital photos, videos, music, and other large files. It can add huge volume to the storage space on your computer’s internal hard disk. Flash Memory Unlike the other storage and memory options, this is a portable storage and felicitates a convenient data transfer between two computers. Easy deletion and re-programming of data is possible as per the user’s requirements. References Backus, J. 1978. Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style? A functional style and its algebra of programs. Communications of the ACM 21, 8, (August), 613-641. Myers, G. J. 1982. Advances in Computer Architecture. John Wiley & Sons, New York. von Neumann, John (1945), First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC, retrieved August 24, 2011 Linda Null; Julia Lobur (2010). The essentials of computer organization and architecture (3rd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 36,199–203. ISBN 978-1-4496-0006-8.

Cdr Professional Engineer

PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER Summary Statement These are the competency Units and Elements. These elements must be addressed in the Summary Statement (see Section C). If you are applying for assessment as a Professional Engineer, you will need to download this page, complete it and lodge it with your application. Competency Element |A brief summary of how you have applied the element |Paragraph in the career episode(s) | | | |where the element is addressed | |PE1 KNOWLEDGE BASE | | | |PE1. Knowledge of science and engineering | | | |fundamentals | | | |PE1. 2 In-depth technical competence in at least | | | |one engineering discipline | | | |PE1. Techniques and resources | | | |PE1. 4 General Knowledge | | | |PE2 ENGINEERING ABILITY | | | |PE2. Ability to undertake problem identification,| | | |formulation, and solution | | | |PE2. 2 Understanding of social, cultural, global, | | | |and environmental responsibilities and the need to| | | |employ principles of sustainable development | | |PE2 . 3 Ability to utilise a systems approach to | | | |complex problems and to design and operational | | | |performance | | | |PE2. Proficiency in engineering design | | | |PE2. 5 Ability to conduct an engineering project | | | |PE2. 6 Understanding of the business environment | | | |PE3 PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES | | | |PE3. Ability to communicate effectively, with the| | | |engineering team and with the community at large | | | |PE3. 2 Ability to manage information and | | | |documentation | | | |PE3. Capacity for creativity and innovation | | | |PE3. 4 Understanding of professional and ethical | | | |responsibilities, and commitment to them | | | |PE3. Ability to function effectively as an | | | |individual and in multidisciplinary and | | | |multicultural teams, as a team leader or manager | | | |as well as an effective team member | | | |PE3. Capacity for lifelong learning and | | | |professional development | | | |PE3. 7 Professional Attitudes | | |

Domestic Violence Essays - Behavior, Human Behavior, Misconduct

Domestic Violence Essays - Behavior, Human Behavior, Misconduct Domestic Violence Why ask women when they only need to be told? Why ask women when they hope to be takenfeelings, moods, and attitudes rule a woman, not facts, reason or logicThe acquisition of knowledge or responsibility does not lessen womens need for support, guidance, and control. Quite the contrary. This attitude justifies the so-called need for men to correct their wives misbehaviour. It perpetuates the idea that women must need a man who can guide, protect and provide for them. These perceptions have been notable throughout history (Re: the rule of thumb) and it has only been in the last few decades in North America where women have been more given rights and freedoms. Yet, physical abuse still exists. The women stay and the men continue their cycle of violence while society quietly waits for the last tragic blow. Domestic violence occurs all over the world. Canada is not immune to this social problem that plagues many developing countries. In the past few months there have been numerous cases of domestic violence leading to murder and suicide in Southern Ontario. The media has shone light on this once private matter and revealed that the problem still exists. Violence against women by their spouses is a life-threatening situation that is not treated seriously by the legal system or by society in general. It often takes a tragedy for corrective action to be taken and stricter laws to be made. On July 24, 2000 an article appeared in the Toronto Star entitled, Victim of Acid Attack had been Abducted. A 27-year-old woman was abducted for several hours one week before her boyfriend (and childs father) splashed her with sulphuric acid in her Scarbourough home and she didnt report the incident to police. Police said the acid burned the woman's face and 80 per cent of her body after it ate through he r clothes. Nigel Carrington, has been charged with attempted murder, kidnapping, assault, dangerous driving, theft and mischief. In the wake of recent cases of domestic violence that have ended in deaths, McQueen ( a Toronto police officer) made an appeal for the public to be vigilant' in reporting incidents at their early stages. This case capped it off for me, McQueen said. Here I am finding out about a kidnapping, previous assaults and other things And when do I find out about it? On the day she almost loses her life. Some women do leave their abusive relationships. Battered women are not always passive victims who merely accept the abuse. They want to stop the violence and protect their children. Sometimes battered women deny or minimize the abuse as a coping strategy to reduce the psychological impact of the abuse. The fact that a battered woman may not leave may reflect the fact that our society has not provided sufficient supports for the victims of violence to be able to leave. A woman often stays because she hopes that her partner will change, and that the battering will stop. When the abuse continues she may well try to leave or get help. She may be threatened with even more violence if she leaves and she knows that her partner is capable of carrying out those threats. Many batterers threaten to get a court order for custody of the children if she leaves. There are many obstacles that a woman faces if she tries to leave. There is a lack of support and practical help (family and friends dont support her or are afraid to get involved) and a lack of information (she becomes isolated and unaware of her options). There is also limited protection options (the justice system cannot guarantee protection for women, and court protection orders are frequently broken). For many battered women, the choice is to stay with the abuser and try to avoid being battered, or to leave and face a life of poverty and uncertainty for herself and her children. There are other reasons why women choose to stay such as: fear of not being believed, feels as if she has created the problem and that she is the one who should change her behaviour. She is unable to escape her abusers control (including finances) and does not have another

Pornai - The Prostitutes of Ancient Greece

Pornai - The Prostitutes of Ancient Greece Pornai is the Ancient Greek word for prostitute (porne, in the singular). It may also be translated as a â€Å"buyable woman.† From the Greek word pornai, we get the English word pornography. Ancient Greek society was fairly open to the practice of the world’s oldest profession. Prostitution was legal in Athens, for example, as long as the workers were slaves, freed women or Metics (foreigners in Ancient Greece who had limited rights, not unlike legal residents in the U.S.) These women had to register and were required to pay taxes on their earnings. The Sex Workers of Ancient Greece Pornai were generally the ordinary sex workers, from those who worked in brothels to streetwalkers who advertised their services out in the open. How open? In one innovative marketing strategy some pornai wore special shoes that imprinted a message in soft ground saying, follow me   Male prostitutes were called pornoi. These sex workers were typically clean-shaven, and though they did sleep with women, they primarily serviced older men. Sex work had its own social hierarchy in Greek society. At the top were hetaerai, which means â€Å"female companion.† These were beautiful, often educated and artistic women who were essentially high-class courtesans. Greek literature has numerous references to famous hetaerai who cast their spells. One reason for the prevalence of sex worker aside from the existence of slavery, which meant women could be forced into prostitution was that Greek men married comparatively late in life, often in their thirties. This created a demand, as younger men sought sexual experience before marriage. Another factor was the fact that adultery with a married Greek woman was considered a high crime. So it was far safer to hire a pornai or a heaerai than sleep with a married woman.   Source: The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek law, by Michael Gagarin, David J. Cohen.

Messoud Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Messoud - Assignment Example There were several research papers written in this regard. One of the significant literatures in this case was that of Beverley R. Lord, titled as â€Å"Strategic Management Accounting: The Emperor’s New Clothes?† The title itself is a strong evidence of what the literature is actually aiming at. Inclusively, Beverley R. Lord in her literature intended to evaluate the theoretical aspect of the concept and compare its effectiveness with few real life examples. This was due to the fact that the author realised that despite numerous journals, essays and literatures based on the concept there were only a handful of examples related to the implication of the concept. Strategic Management Accounting with its given attributes, uniting the theory of management accounting with strategic planning makes it a complex and debatable concept. Thereby, gathering all the features of the concept and relating it with its implication in a single literature is indeed difficult. However, in the literature, the author, Beverley R. Lord has tried to bring all these aspects together (Lord, 1996). Advantages and limitations of any paper, especially research paper highly depends on the personal knowledge and belief of the author(s). In this context, the author, Beverley R. Lord is a professional acquiring the position of the Department Head of Accounting and Information Systems in the University of Canterbury. Her research interests are concentrated on the issues related to fresh management accounting approaches, the accounting techniques used in different organisations along with the history and education of the accounting concept. Her few recent publications include, ‘Assessing the Implementation of Institutional Change in Local Government: Christchurch City Council and the Long Term Community Council Plan’, ‘Management accounting change in a Chinese state-owned enterprise: an